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#81
November 17th 03, 02:45 AM
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"Cheryl" wrote in message ...
In om, Steve Crane composed with style: t/d is a Prescription Diet primarily because of a single issue. It is supposed to be used POST dental cleaning because if the tooth is already loose in the mouth, t/d has enough "grabbing power" that it will remove very loose teeth. So in conclusion, t/d should only be prescribed if a cat has loose teeth post-dental. It should be prescribed by the veterinarian who has made the judgment based upon what s/he knows of the animal. 
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#82
November 17th 03, 02:45 AM
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"Cheryl" wrote in message ...
In om, Steve Crane composed with style: t/d is a Prescription Diet primarily because of a single issue. It is supposed to be used POST dental cleaning because if the tooth is already loose in the mouth, t/d has enough "grabbing power" that it will remove very loose teeth. So in conclusion, t/d should only be prescribed if a cat has loose teeth post-dental. It should be prescribed by the veterinarian who has made the judgment based upon what s/he knows of the animal.
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#83
November 17th 03, 03:56 PM
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#84
November 17th 03, 03:56 PM
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#85
November 17th 03, 03:56 PM
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#87
November 18th 03, 02:23 PM
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(Steve G) wrote in message . com...
(Steve Crane) wrote in message . com... (...) What is the basis of the t/d gingivitis claim? (...) Studies conducted by Dr. Ellen Logan provided the basis for the gingivitis claims. Would you happen to have a cite for this? Ta. Finney O, Logan EI, Simone AJ, et al. Effects of diet on existing plaque, calculus and gingivitis in dogs. Proceedings. 10th Annual Veterinary Dental Forum, Houston, TX, 1996: 143-146. Synopsis: The principal objective of this study was to investigate effects of a dental food (Canine t/d®) on gingivitis and supragingival plaque and calculus in dogs having not had previous oral care. Additionally, if the food could be shown to affect existing dental substrates and gingivitis, how quickly would such changes occur? Thirty-six beagle dogs were used in this study. None of the animals had had any previous oral care, nor had any been used in previous dental studies. Baseline scores for gingival inflammation and supragingival accumulations of plaque and calculus were obtained on Day 0. The baseline calculus scores were used to block the animals into feeding groups of five dogs. None of the feeding groups had significantly different mean calculus scores. The control group was fed Purina® Dog Chow® and the treatment group was fed Canine t/d®. Dogs were examined at weeks 2, 3, 6, 8, 12 and 16. Results were generally consistent with those previously obtained when the same products were studied in a "clean-tooth" model. For every index measured, dogs fed Canine t/d® achieved significantly improved scores compared to the group fed the control diet. The control group showed a significant increase in plaque and calculus accumulation over the 16-week period and no significant change in gingival inflammation. Conversely, the test group fed Canine t/d® showed significant decreases in gingival inflammation and in supragingival plaque and calculus accumulations. The most surprising aspect of these results was that significant changes were seen within two weeks when using Canine t/d®. Clinical Relevance: For young, adult dogs having no previous dental care, it is possible within a matter of weeks to reduce by dietary means alone significant amounts of plaque and calculus accumulation and improve gingival inflammation. Finney O, Logan EI, Simone AJ, et al. The influence of diet on supragingival plaque and calculus in mongrel dogs. Proceedings. Fourth World Veterinary Dental Congress, Vancouver, BC, Canada, 1995: 105-107. Synopsis: This study measured the relative accumulation of supragingival plaque and calculus in dogs over a six-month period. The animal panel was comprised of 19 beagle and 21 mongrel dogs. Dogs were scored for supragingival plaque and calculus accumulation on days 7, 21, 56, 84, 112, 140 and 168 after initial dental prophylaxis. During this evaluation period, dogs were fed either a test (Canine t/d®) or control (Purina® Dog Chow®) food. For both treatment and control groups, plaque results obtained after one week and calculus results obtained after three weeks were predictive of accumulation amounts expected after 6 months. The test food resulted in significantly less accumulation of plaque and calculus than the control diet at all evaluation periods. Relationships between treatment groups evident from the first evaluation continued throughout the entire study. Finney O. Dental research and product development: A project manager's perspective. Proceedings. Conference on Companion Animal Oral Health, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 1996: 17-22. Synopsis: Results were summarized from a number of studies associated with development of Canine t/d®. These included results from: 1) dental substrate accumulation in dogs fed Canine t/d® versus dry or canned commercial foods, 2) dental substrate accumulation in dogs fed Canine t/d® versus dry or canned commercial foods plus treats, 3) dental substrate accumulation in dogs fed Canine t/d® versus dry or canned commercial foods plus toothbrushing, 4) dental substrate accumulation over a six month period in dogs fed Canine t/d® versus competitive products, 5) reduction in plaque accumulation and gingival inflammation in dogs fed Canine t/d® versus a grocery brand dry dog food, and 6) reduction in dental substrates in dogs with "dirty teeth" fed Canine t/d®. Results were given for over 20 studies involving over 1,000 dogs. All studies confirm that Canine t/d® is effective in reducing gingivitis and dental plaque, stain and tartar. Jensen L, Logan E, Finney O, et al. Reduction in accumulation of plaque, stain and calculus in dogs by dietary means. J Vet Dent 1995; 12: 161-163. Synopsis: This paper summarizes the results of 215 evaluations for plaque, stain and calculus in 120 dogs at two research sites. Dogs were balanced in groups of five according to baseline plaque index scores; groups were randomly assigned to treatment (Canine t/d®) or control (Purina® Dog Chow®) dietary regimens. No other food, treats, or snacks were given to either group. Dental cleanings were done on Day 0. Investigators graded 22 teeth for plaque accumulation on Day 7 and for stain and calculus accumulation on Day 21. Six trials were conducted and the results reported as a combined mean for all treatment and control groups. Dogs fed Canine t/d® had significantly less plaque (19% less), stain (44% less) and calculus (32% less) accumulation than dogs fed the control food. Logan EI, Finney O, Irvine G, et al. Dietary influences on gingivitis in the dog. Proceedings. Fourth World Veterinary Congress, Vancouver, BC, Canada, 1995: 101-102. Synopsis: The objective of this study was to investigate effects of a dental food (Canine t/d®) on gingival health in dogs. The study panel included 40 healthy adult dogs. The gingival health of the dogs was optimized using a combination of mechanical and chemical cleansing procedures. When the dogs reached optimal gingival health the experimental study was initiated. Each dog received a randomly assigned food; either the test food (Canine t/d®) or a control food (Purina Dog Chow®). Each dog was assessed for plaque accumulation and gingival disease at days 14, 28 and 42 following starting the appropriate food. The test food resulted in 37% and 33% (days 28 & 42) reduction in plaque and 37% and 44% (days 28 & 42) reduction in gingivitis when compared to the control food. Logan EI, Finney O, Lowry SR, et al. Dietary cleansing in dogs: The effects of kibble size and body weight. Proceedings. 10th Annual Veterinary Dental Forum, Houston, TX, 1996: 138-142. Synopsis: Numerous studies have been reported documenting the efficacy of Canine t/d® in significantly reducing plaque and calculus accumulation and gingival inflammation in dogs. This paper compared results of several studies investigating effects of kibble size on plaque and calculus accumulation in dogs of varying body weights. Studies involved separate dental panels including: panel 1: 80 beagle dogs (body weight range 10-20 kg); panel 2: 21 mongrel dogs and 19 beagle dogs (12-35 kg); and panel 3: 40 small breed dogs (1-9 kg). The studies were each done using a 3-week clean-tooth model and evaluating each dog individually for plaque and calculus accumulation at 7 and 21 days post-prophylaxis, respectively. Both the standard large kibble and a small kibble size of Canine t/d® were used in the studies. Results were as follows. Canine t/d® significantly reduced plaque and calculus accumulation in dogs compared with a typical dry dog food (Purina® Dog Chow®). The larger dental kibble provided superior dental efficacy compared to the smaller dental kibble in dogs weighing greater than 10 kg. The smaller dental kibble provided comparable dental efficacy to the larger dental kibble in dogs weighing less than 10 kg. Logan EI, Finney O. Mechanical plaque control in the dog: A comparison of toothbrushing and dietary cleansing. Proceedings. Fourth World Veterinary Dental Congress, Vancouver, BC, Canada, 1995: 98-100. Synopsis: A population of 80 beagle and 39 toy breed dogs were utilized to investigate the effect of Canine t/d® versus commercially available maintenance foods plus weekly toothbrushing on the accumulation of plaque and calculus. All dogs received a dental prophylaxis and the appropriate treatment regimens were begun. Each dog was sequentially scored for plaque (7 days post-prophylaxis) and calculus (21 days post-prophylaxis). Results indicated that feeding Canine t/d® was as effective as feeding Purina® Dog Chow® plus once weekly toothbrushing in reducing accumulation of plaque and calculus in beagle and toy breed dogs. Feeding Canine t/d® was superior to feeding a canned diet (Pedigree® PAL®) plus once weekly toothbrushing in reducing accumulation of plaque and calculus in dogs. Logan EI. Oral cleansing by dietary means: Results of six-month studies. Proceedings. Conference on Companion Animal Oral Health, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 1996: 11-15. Synopsis: The objectives of the two studies reported here were to demonstrate that: 1) significant differences between treatment groups detected in a short-term model remained significant and relevant over a longer duration, and 2) significant differences in plaque accumulation between treatment groups were relevant to gingival health. Both studies used a 40-dog panel comprised of male and female mongrel dogs. In Study One, all dogs received a dental prophylaxis on day 0 and then were randomly assigned either a control food (Purina® Dog Chow®) or a dental food (Canine t/d®). Dogs were scored for plaque accumulation on day 7, calculus accumulation on day 21, and plaque and calculus accumulations were evaluated at days 56, 84, 112, 140 and 168. In Study Two, gingival health of the dogs was optimized using a combination of mechanical and chemical cleansing procedures. When the dogs reached optimal gingival health the experimental study was initiated. Each dog received a randomly assigned food; either the dental food (Canine t/d®) or a control food (Purina® Dog Chow®). Each dog was assessed for plaque accumulation and gingival disease at days 14, 28, 42, 56, 77, 105, 140 and 175. Results showed that dogs consuming the dental food had significantly less plaque and calculus accumulation than dogs consuming the control food (Study 1). Dogs consuming the dental food also had significantly less plaque accumulation and gingival inflammation than dogs consuming the cotrol food (Study 2). Finney O. Dental research and product development: A project manager's perspective. Proceedings. Conference on Companion Animal Oral Health, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 1996: 17-22. Synopsis: Results were summarized from a number of studies associated with development of Canine t/d®. These included results from: 1) dental substrate accumulation in dogs fed Canine t/d® versus dry or canned commercial foods, 2) dental substrate accumulation in dogs fed Canine t/d® versus dry or canned commercial foods plus treats, 3) dental substrate accumulation in dogs fed Canine t/d® versus dry or canned commercial foods plus toothbrushing, 4) dental substrate accumulation over a six month period in dogs fed Canine t/d® versus competitive products, 5) reduction in plaque accumulation and gingival inflammation in dogs fed Canine t/d® versus a grocery brand dry dog food, and 6) reduction in dental substrates in dogs with "dirty teeth" fed Canine t/d®. Results were given for over 20 studies involving over 1,000 dogs. All studies confirm that Canine t/d® is effective in reducing gingivitis and dental plaque, stain and tartar. Logan EI, Finney O, Lowry SR, et al. Dietary cleansing in dogs: The effects of kibble size and body weight. Proceedings. 10th Annual Veterinary Dental Forum, Houston, TX, 1996: 138-142. Synopsis: Numerous studies have been reported documenting the efficacy of Canine t/d® in significantly reducing plaque and calculus accumulation and gingival inflammation in dogs. This paper compared results of several studies investigating effects of kibble size on plaque and calculus accumulation in dogs of varying body weights. Studies involved separate dental panels including: panel 1: 80 beagle dogs (body weight range 10-20 kg); panel 2: 21 mongrel dogs and 19 beagle dogs (12-35 kg); and panel 3: 40 small breed dogs (1-9 kg). The studies were each done using a 3-week clean-tooth model and evaluating each dog individually for plaque and calculus accumulation at 7 and 21 days post-prophylaxis, respectively. Both the standard large kibble and a small kibble size of Canine t/d® were used in the studies. Results were as follows. Canine t/d® significantly reduced plaque and calculus accumulation in dogs compared with a typical dry dog food (Purina® Dog Chow®). The larger dental kibble provided superior dental efficacy compared to the smaller dental kibble in dogs weighing greater than 10 kg. The smaller dental kibble provided comparable dental efficacy to the larger dental kibble in dogs weighing less than 10 kg. Logan EI, Berg ML, Coffman L, et al. Dietary control of feline gingivitis: results of a six month study (abstract). Proceedings. 13th Annual Veterinary Dental Forum, Baltimore, MD, 1999. Synopsis: This study compared the effects of a dental food to a typical dry food on dental substrate accumulation and gingival inflammation over a six month time frame. Twenty-six adult cats were placed into two groups balanced on previous dental plaque formation. The control group was fed Purina® Cat Chow® and the test group was fed Feline t/d®. On Day 0, each cat was anesthetized and received a dental prophylaxis. Beginning on Day 1, each cat received its assigned dietary regimen for the remainder of the study. Scores for plaque and calculus accumulation, and gingival inflammation were obtained on days 14, 28, 49, 84, 126 and 168. At 24 weeks (day 168) the test group had 48% less plaque accumulation, 64% less calculus accumulation and 27% less gingival inflammation than the control group. Logan EI, Boyce EN, Berg BS, et al. Effects of dietary form on plaque and calculus accumulation and gingival health in cats: Methodology and results. Proceedings. Fifth World Veterinary Dental Congress, Birmingham, England, 1997: 28-32. Synopsis: Five different studies were reported to demonstrate affects of different foods (commercial cat foods and treats) on dental plaque and calculus accumulation. In Study 1, three different specialty brand dry cat foods were compared; there was no significant difference in plaque and calculus accumulation. In Study 2, a moist feline specialty food was compared to the same moist food plus a dental treat and to a dry feline specialty brand food; there was no improvement in plaque and calculus accumulation with the dental treat added to the moist cat food. In Study 3, a moist grocery brand cat food was compared to a dry grocery brand cat food and a feline dental food (Feline t/d®); plaque and calculus accumulation was greatest in cats eating the moist food and lowest in cat eating the dental food. In Study 4, a dry feline grocery brand food was compared to the same dry food plus a dental treat and to a feline dental food; there was no improvement in plaque and calculus accumulation with the dental treat added to the dry cat food, but consumption of the dental food resulted in significantly less plaque and calculus accumulation. In Study 5, a dry grocery brand cat food was compared to a feline dental food; the dental food resulted in significantly less plaque and calculus accumulation. Logan EI, Proctor V, Berg ML, et al. Dietary effect on tooth surface debris and gingival health in cats. Proceedings. Veterinary Dental Forum, 2001. Synopsis: Thirty adult cats in good oral and systemic health were placed into two groups balanced on previous plaque formation. On Day 0, each cat was anesthetized and received a dental prophylaxis including scaling and polishing. Cats were then fed either Purina® Cat Chow® or new, improved Feline t/d for 24 weeks. Evaluation at 24 weeks showed that cats fed Feline t/d® had 58% less plaque accumulation, 64% less calculus accumulation, 74% less stain accumulation and 48% less gingival inflammation. Following week 24 evaluations, the two dietary groups were switched so that all cats previously receiving Purina® Cat Chow® were subsequently fed Feline t/d for 2 months and vice versa. Cats with "dirty" teeth fed Feline t/d® demonstrated a 51% decrease in plaque, a 55% decrease in calculus, a 64% decrease in stain and a 29% decrease in gingivitis from weeks 24 to 32, while cats fed Purina® Cat Chow® demonstrated a significant increase in plaque, calculus, stain and gingivitis during the same 8 weeks. Cats fed new, improved Feline t/d® had significantly less plaque, calculus and stain accumulation and gingival inflammation than cats fed a typical dry cat food in a 6 month clean tooth and in a 2 month dirty tooth model. Additionally, cats with 6 months worth of dental substrate accumulation demonstrated increase in tooth surface debris and a significant increase in gingivitis over a 2 month period when fed a typical dry cat food while cats fed a dental food demonstrated a significant decrease in both tooth surface debris and gingivitis. Logan EI. Oral cleansing by dietary means: Feline methodology and study results. Proceedings. Conference on Companion Animal Oral Health, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 1996: 31-34. Synopsis: The objectives of these studies were to refine methodologies used in measuring accumulation of plaque and calculus in cats and demonstrate dietary effects on plaque and calculus accumulation in cats. The study population included healthy adult male and female cats weighing 3 to 6 kg. Following a dental prophylaxis, cats were fed the test diets for four weeks and teeth were evaluated for plaque and calculus accumulation. Four different studies were performed. Study One compared three foods: a canned specialty brand cat food (Science Diet® Feline Maintenance®), the same canned food plus a dental treat (Pounce® Tartar Control Treats), and a dry specialty brand cat food (Science Diet® Feline Maintenance®). Study Two compared three specialty brand dry cat foods (Science Diet® Feline Maintenance®, Iams® Cat Food, and Purina® Pro-Plan® Adult Cat formula). Study Three compared a dry specialty brand cat food (Science Diet® Feline Maintenance®) to a feline dental diet (Prescription Diet® Feline t/d®). Study Four compared a dry grocery brand cat food (Purina® Cat Chow®) to a feline dental diet (Feline t/d®). In Study One, consumption of the dry cat food resulted in significantly less plaque and calculus accumulation compared to the canned cat food or the canned cat food plus a dental treat. In Study Two, there was no significant difference between the different dry specialty cat foods with respect to plaque and calculus accumulation. In Study Three, there was significant reduction in accumulation of plaque and calculus in cats consuming the dental diet versus the dry specialty brand cat food. And in Study Four, there was significant reduction in accumulation of plaque and calculus in cats consuming the dental diet versus the dry grocery brand cat food. Logan EI. Reduction in accumulation of supragingival plaque in cats: Prescription Diet Feline t/d vs. Purina Cat Chow. Veterinary Oral Health Council application, May 1, 1998. Synopsis: Two studies were performed using 29 and 30 adult cats. The cats in each study were placed into two groups balanced on previous plaque formation. The control groups were fed a dry grocery brand cat food (Purina® Cat Chow®) and test groups were fed Feline t/d®. On Day 0 of each study, each cat was anesthetized and received a dental prophylaxis. Beginning on Day 1, each cat received its dietary regimen for the remainder of the study. Plaque scores were obtained on day 28 of each study. Cats eating Feline t/d® had 41% and 35% reduction in plaque scores compared with those eating the control food. Clinical Relevance: Feline t/d® significantly reduces accumulation of dental plaque compared to Purina® Cat Chow®. Feline t/d® has been accepted by the Veterinary Oral Health Council (VOHC) for helping control dental plaque in cats. This was the first feline product to receive the VOHC seal. Logan EI. Reduction in accumulation of supragingival calculus in cats: Prescription Diet Feline t/d vs. Purina Cat Chow. Veterinary Oral Health Council application, May 1, 1998. Synopsis: Two studies were performed using 29 and 30 adult cats. The cats in each study were placed into two groups balanced on previous plaque formation. The control groups were fed a dry grocery brand cat food (Purina® Cat Chow®) and test groups were fed Feline t/d®. On Day 0 of each study, each cat was anesthetized and received a dental prophylaxis. Beginning on Day 1, each cat received its dietary regimen for the remainder of the study. Calculus scores were obtained on day 28 of each study. Cats eating Feline t/d® had 48% and 33% reduction in calculus scores compared with those eating the control food.
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#88
November 18th 03, 02:23 PM
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(Steve G) wrote in message . com...
(Steve Crane) wrote in message . com... (...) What is the basis of the t/d gingivitis claim? (...) Studies conducted by Dr. Ellen Logan provided the basis for the gingivitis claims. Would you happen to have a cite for this? Ta. Finney O, Logan EI, Simone AJ, et al. Effects of diet on existing plaque, calculus and gingivitis in dogs. Proceedings. 10th Annual Veterinary Dental Forum, Houston, TX, 1996: 143-146. Synopsis: The principal objective of this study was to investigate effects of a dental food (Canine t/d®) on gingivitis and supragingival plaque and calculus in dogs having not had previous oral care. Additionally, if the food could be shown to affect existing dental substrates and gingivitis, how quickly would such changes occur? Thirty-six beagle dogs were used in this study. None of the animals had had any previous oral care, nor had any been used in previous dental studies. Baseline scores for gingival inflammation and supragingival accumulations of plaque and calculus were obtained on Day 0. The baseline calculus scores were used to block the animals into feeding groups of five dogs. None of the feeding groups had significantly different mean calculus scores. The control group was fed Purina® Dog Chow® and the treatment group was fed Canine t/d®. Dogs were examined at weeks 2, 3, 6, 8, 12 and 16. Results were generally consistent with those previously obtained when the same products were studied in a "clean-tooth" model. For every index measured, dogs fed Canine t/d® achieved significantly improved scores compared to the group fed the control diet. The control group showed a significant increase in plaque and calculus accumulation over the 16-week period and no significant change in gingival inflammation. Conversely, the test group fed Canine t/d® showed significant decreases in gingival inflammation and in supragingival plaque and calculus accumulations. The most surprising aspect of these results was that significant changes were seen within two weeks when using Canine t/d®. Clinical Relevance: For young, adult dogs having no previous dental care, it is possible within a matter of weeks to reduce by dietary means alone significant amounts of plaque and calculus accumulation and improve gingival inflammation. Finney O, Logan EI, Simone AJ, et al. The influence of diet on supragingival plaque and calculus in mongrel dogs. Proceedings. Fourth World Veterinary Dental Congress, Vancouver, BC, Canada, 1995: 105-107. Synopsis: This study measured the relative accumulation of supragingival plaque and calculus in dogs over a six-month period. The animal panel was comprised of 19 beagle and 21 mongrel dogs. Dogs were scored for supragingival plaque and calculus accumulation on days 7, 21, 56, 84, 112, 140 and 168 after initial dental prophylaxis. During this evaluation period, dogs were fed either a test (Canine t/d®) or control (Purina® Dog Chow®) food. For both treatment and control groups, plaque results obtained after one week and calculus results obtained after three weeks were predictive of accumulation amounts expected after 6 months. The test food resulted in significantly less accumulation of plaque and calculus than the control diet at all evaluation periods. Relationships between treatment groups evident from the first evaluation continued throughout the entire study. Finney O. Dental research and product development: A project manager's perspective. Proceedings. Conference on Companion Animal Oral Health, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 1996: 17-22. Synopsis: Results were summarized from a number of studies associated with development of Canine t/d®. These included results from: 1) dental substrate accumulation in dogs fed Canine t/d® versus dry or canned commercial foods, 2) dental substrate accumulation in dogs fed Canine t/d® versus dry or canned commercial foods plus treats, 3) dental substrate accumulation in dogs fed Canine t/d® versus dry or canned commercial foods plus toothbrushing, 4) dental substrate accumulation over a six month period in dogs fed Canine t/d® versus competitive products, 5) reduction in plaque accumulation and gingival inflammation in dogs fed Canine t/d® versus a grocery brand dry dog food, and 6) reduction in dental substrates in dogs with "dirty teeth" fed Canine t/d®. Results were given for over 20 studies involving over 1,000 dogs. All studies confirm that Canine t/d® is effective in reducing gingivitis and dental plaque, stain and tartar. Jensen L, Logan E, Finney O, et al. Reduction in accumulation of plaque, stain and calculus in dogs by dietary means. J Vet Dent 1995; 12: 161-163. Synopsis: This paper summarizes the results of 215 evaluations for plaque, stain and calculus in 120 dogs at two research sites. Dogs were balanced in groups of five according to baseline plaque index scores; groups were randomly assigned to treatment (Canine t/d®) or control (Purina® Dog Chow®) dietary regimens. No other food, treats, or snacks were given to either group. Dental cleanings were done on Day 0. Investigators graded 22 teeth for plaque accumulation on Day 7 and for stain and calculus accumulation on Day 21. Six trials were conducted and the results reported as a combined mean for all treatment and control groups. Dogs fed Canine t/d® had significantly less plaque (19% less), stain (44% less) and calculus (32% less) accumulation than dogs fed the control food. Logan EI, Finney O, Irvine G, et al. Dietary influences on gingivitis in the dog. Proceedings. Fourth World Veterinary Congress, Vancouver, BC, Canada, 1995: 101-102. Synopsis: The objective of this study was to investigate effects of a dental food (Canine t/d®) on gingival health in dogs. The study panel included 40 healthy adult dogs. The gingival health of the dogs was optimized using a combination of mechanical and chemical cleansing procedures. When the dogs reached optimal gingival health the experimental study was initiated. Each dog received a randomly assigned food; either the test food (Canine t/d®) or a control food (Purina Dog Chow®). Each dog was assessed for plaque accumulation and gingival disease at days 14, 28 and 42 following starting the appropriate food. The test food resulted in 37% and 33% (days 28 & 42) reduction in plaque and 37% and 44% (days 28 & 42) reduction in gingivitis when compared to the control food. Logan EI, Finney O, Lowry SR, et al. Dietary cleansing in dogs: The effects of kibble size and body weight. Proceedings. 10th Annual Veterinary Dental Forum, Houston, TX, 1996: 138-142. Synopsis: Numerous studies have been reported documenting the efficacy of Canine t/d® in significantly reducing plaque and calculus accumulation and gingival inflammation in dogs. This paper compared results of several studies investigating effects of kibble size on plaque and calculus accumulation in dogs of varying body weights. Studies involved separate dental panels including: panel 1: 80 beagle dogs (body weight range 10-20 kg); panel 2: 21 mongrel dogs and 19 beagle dogs (12-35 kg); and panel 3: 40 small breed dogs (1-9 kg). The studies were each done using a 3-week clean-tooth model and evaluating each dog individually for plaque and calculus accumulation at 7 and 21 days post-prophylaxis, respectively. Both the standard large kibble and a small kibble size of Canine t/d® were used in the studies. Results were as follows. Canine t/d® significantly reduced plaque and calculus accumulation in dogs compared with a typical dry dog food (Purina® Dog Chow®). The larger dental kibble provided superior dental efficacy compared to the smaller dental kibble in dogs weighing greater than 10 kg. The smaller dental kibble provided comparable dental efficacy to the larger dental kibble in dogs weighing less than 10 kg. Logan EI, Finney O. Mechanical plaque control in the dog: A comparison of toothbrushing and dietary cleansing. Proceedings. Fourth World Veterinary Dental Congress, Vancouver, BC, Canada, 1995: 98-100. Synopsis: A population of 80 beagle and 39 toy breed dogs were utilized to investigate the effect of Canine t/d® versus commercially available maintenance foods plus weekly toothbrushing on the accumulation of plaque and calculus. All dogs received a dental prophylaxis and the appropriate treatment regimens were begun. Each dog was sequentially scored for plaque (7 days post-prophylaxis) and calculus (21 days post-prophylaxis). Results indicated that feeding Canine t/d® was as effective as feeding Purina® Dog Chow® plus once weekly toothbrushing in reducing accumulation of plaque and calculus in beagle and toy breed dogs. Feeding Canine t/d® was superior to feeding a canned diet (Pedigree® PAL®) plus once weekly toothbrushing in reducing accumulation of plaque and calculus in dogs. Logan EI. Oral cleansing by dietary means: Results of six-month studies. Proceedings. Conference on Companion Animal Oral Health, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 1996: 11-15. Synopsis: The objectives of the two studies reported here were to demonstrate that: 1) significant differences between treatment groups detected in a short-term model remained significant and relevant over a longer duration, and 2) significant differences in plaque accumulation between treatment groups were relevant to gingival health. Both studies used a 40-dog panel comprised of male and female mongrel dogs. In Study One, all dogs received a dental prophylaxis on day 0 and then were randomly assigned either a control food (Purina® Dog Chow®) or a dental food (Canine t/d®). Dogs were scored for plaque accumulation on day 7, calculus accumulation on day 21, and plaque and calculus accumulations were evaluated at days 56, 84, 112, 140 and 168. In Study Two, gingival health of the dogs was optimized using a combination of mechanical and chemical cleansing procedures. When the dogs reached optimal gingival health the experimental study was initiated. Each dog received a randomly assigned food; either the dental food (Canine t/d®) or a control food (Purina® Dog Chow®). Each dog was assessed for plaque accumulation and gingival disease at days 14, 28, 42, 56, 77, 105, 140 and 175. Results showed that dogs consuming the dental food had significantly less plaque and calculus accumulation than dogs consuming the control food (Study 1). Dogs consuming the dental food also had significantly less plaque accumulation and gingival inflammation than dogs consuming the cotrol food (Study 2). Finney O. Dental research and product development: A project manager's perspective. Proceedings. Conference on Companion Animal Oral Health, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 1996: 17-22. Synopsis: Results were summarized from a number of studies associated with development of Canine t/d®. These included results from: 1) dental substrate accumulation in dogs fed Canine t/d® versus dry or canned commercial foods, 2) dental substrate accumulation in dogs fed Canine t/d® versus dry or canned commercial foods plus treats, 3) dental substrate accumulation in dogs fed Canine t/d® versus dry or canned commercial foods plus toothbrushing, 4) dental substrate accumulation over a six month period in dogs fed Canine t/d® versus competitive products, 5) reduction in plaque accumulation and gingival inflammation in dogs fed Canine t/d® versus a grocery brand dry dog food, and 6) reduction in dental substrates in dogs with "dirty teeth" fed Canine t/d®. Results were given for over 20 studies involving over 1,000 dogs. All studies confirm that Canine t/d® is effective in reducing gingivitis and dental plaque, stain and tartar. Logan EI, Finney O, Lowry SR, et al. Dietary cleansing in dogs: The effects of kibble size and body weight. Proceedings. 10th Annual Veterinary Dental Forum, Houston, TX, 1996: 138-142. Synopsis: Numerous studies have been reported documenting the efficacy of Canine t/d® in significantly reducing plaque and calculus accumulation and gingival inflammation in dogs. This paper compared results of several studies investigating effects of kibble size on plaque and calculus accumulation in dogs of varying body weights. Studies involved separate dental panels including: panel 1: 80 beagle dogs (body weight range 10-20 kg); panel 2: 21 mongrel dogs and 19 beagle dogs (12-35 kg); and panel 3: 40 small breed dogs (1-9 kg). The studies were each done using a 3-week clean-tooth model and evaluating each dog individually for plaque and calculus accumulation at 7 and 21 days post-prophylaxis, respectively. Both the standard large kibble and a small kibble size of Canine t/d® were used in the studies. Results were as follows. Canine t/d® significantly reduced plaque and calculus accumulation in dogs compared with a typical dry dog food (Purina® Dog Chow®). The larger dental kibble provided superior dental efficacy compared to the smaller dental kibble in dogs weighing greater than 10 kg. The smaller dental kibble provided comparable dental efficacy to the larger dental kibble in dogs weighing less than 10 kg. Logan EI, Berg ML, Coffman L, et al. Dietary control of feline gingivitis: results of a six month study (abstract). Proceedings. 13th Annual Veterinary Dental Forum, Baltimore, MD, 1999. Synopsis: This study compared the effects of a dental food to a typical dry food on dental substrate accumulation and gingival inflammation over a six month time frame. Twenty-six adult cats were placed into two groups balanced on previous dental plaque formation. The control group was fed Purina® Cat Chow® and the test group was fed Feline t/d®. On Day 0, each cat was anesthetized and received a dental prophylaxis. Beginning on Day 1, each cat received its assigned dietary regimen for the remainder of the study. Scores for plaque and calculus accumulation, and gingival inflammation were obtained on days 14, 28, 49, 84, 126 and 168. At 24 weeks (day 168) the test group had 48% less plaque accumulation, 64% less calculus accumulation and 27% less gingival inflammation than the control group. Logan EI, Boyce EN, Berg BS, et al. Effects of dietary form on plaque and calculus accumulation and gingival health in cats: Methodology and results. Proceedings. Fifth World Veterinary Dental Congress, Birmingham, England, 1997: 28-32. Synopsis: Five different studies were reported to demonstrate affects of different foods (commercial cat foods and treats) on dental plaque and calculus accumulation. In Study 1, three different specialty brand dry cat foods were compared; there was no significant difference in plaque and calculus accumulation. In Study 2, a moist feline specialty food was compared to the same moist food plus a dental treat and to a dry feline specialty brand food; there was no improvement in plaque and calculus accumulation with the dental treat added to the moist cat food. In Study 3, a moist grocery brand cat food was compared to a dry grocery brand cat food and a feline dental food (Feline t/d®); plaque and calculus accumulation was greatest in cats eating the moist food and lowest in cat eating the dental food. In Study 4, a dry feline grocery brand food was compared to the same dry food plus a dental treat and to a feline dental food; there was no improvement in plaque and calculus accumulation with the dental treat added to the dry cat food, but consumption of the dental food resulted in significantly less plaque and calculus accumulation. In Study 5, a dry grocery brand cat food was compared to a feline dental food; the dental food resulted in significantly less plaque and calculus accumulation. Logan EI, Proctor V, Berg ML, et al. Dietary effect on tooth surface debris and gingival health in cats. Proceedings. Veterinary Dental Forum, 2001. Synopsis: Thirty adult cats in good oral and systemic health were placed into two groups balanced on previous plaque formation. On Day 0, each cat was anesthetized and received a dental prophylaxis including scaling and polishing. Cats were then fed either Purina® Cat Chow® or new, improved Feline t/d for 24 weeks. Evaluation at 24 weeks showed that cats fed Feline t/d® had 58% less plaque accumulation, 64% less calculus accumulation, 74% less stain accumulation and 48% less gingival inflammation. Following week 24 evaluations, the two dietary groups were switched so that all cats previously receiving Purina® Cat Chow® were subsequently fed Feline t/d for 2 months and vice versa. Cats with "dirty" teeth fed Feline t/d® demonstrated a 51% decrease in plaque, a 55% decrease in calculus, a 64% decrease in stain and a 29% decrease in gingivitis from weeks 24 to 32, while cats fed Purina® Cat Chow® demonstrated a significant increase in plaque, calculus, stain and gingivitis during the same 8 weeks. Cats fed new, improved Feline t/d® had significantly less plaque, calculus and stain accumulation and gingival inflammation than cats fed a typical dry cat food in a 6 month clean tooth and in a 2 month dirty tooth model. Additionally, cats with 6 months worth of dental substrate accumulation demonstrated increase in tooth surface debris and a significant increase in gingivitis over a 2 month period when fed a typical dry cat food while cats fed a dental food demonstrated a significant decrease in both tooth surface debris and gingivitis. Logan EI. Oral cleansing by dietary means: Feline methodology and study results. Proceedings. Conference on Companion Animal Oral Health, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 1996: 31-34. Synopsis: The objectives of these studies were to refine methodologies used in measuring accumulation of plaque and calculus in cats and demonstrate dietary effects on plaque and calculus accumulation in cats. The study population included healthy adult male and female cats weighing 3 to 6 kg. Following a dental prophylaxis, cats were fed the test diets for four weeks and teeth were evaluated for plaque and calculus accumulation. Four different studies were performed. Study One compared three foods: a canned specialty brand cat food (Science Diet® Feline Maintenance®), the same canned food plus a dental treat (Pounce® Tartar Control Treats), and a dry specialty brand cat food (Science Diet® Feline Maintenance®). Study Two compared three specialty brand dry cat foods (Science Diet® Feline Maintenance®, Iams® Cat Food, and Purina® Pro-Plan® Adult Cat formula). Study Three compared a dry specialty brand cat food (Science Diet® Feline Maintenance®) to a feline dental diet (Prescription Diet® Feline t/d®). Study Four compared a dry grocery brand cat food (Purina® Cat Chow®) to a feline dental diet (Feline t/d®). In Study One, consumption of the dry cat food resulted in significantly less plaque and calculus accumulation compared to the canned cat food or the canned cat food plus a dental treat. In Study Two, there was no significant difference between the different dry specialty cat foods with respect to plaque and calculus accumulation. In Study Three, there was significant reduction in accumulation of plaque and calculus in cats consuming the dental diet versus the dry specialty brand cat food. And in Study Four, there was significant reduction in accumulation of plaque and calculus in cats consuming the dental diet versus the dry grocery brand cat food. Logan EI. Reduction in accumulation of supragingival plaque in cats: Prescription Diet Feline t/d vs. Purina Cat Chow. Veterinary Oral Health Council application, May 1, 1998. Synopsis: Two studies were performed using 29 and 30 adult cats. The cats in each study were placed into two groups balanced on previous plaque formation. The control groups were fed a dry grocery brand cat food (Purina® Cat Chow®) and test groups were fed Feline t/d®. On Day 0 of each study, each cat was anesthetized and received a dental prophylaxis. Beginning on Day 1, each cat received its dietary regimen for the remainder of the study. Plaque scores were obtained on day 28 of each study. Cats eating Feline t/d® had 41% and 35% reduction in plaque scores compared with those eating the control food. Clinical Relevance: Feline t/d® significantly reduces accumulation of dental plaque compared to Purina® Cat Chow®. Feline t/d® has been accepted by the Veterinary Oral Health Council (VOHC) for helping control dental plaque in cats. This was the first feline product to receive the VOHC seal. Logan EI. Reduction in accumulation of supragingival calculus in cats: Prescription Diet Feline t/d vs. Purina Cat Chow. Veterinary Oral Health Council application, May 1, 1998. Synopsis: Two studies were performed using 29 and 30 adult cats. The cats in each study were placed into two groups balanced on previous plaque formation. The control groups were fed a dry grocery brand cat food (Purina® Cat Chow®) and test groups were fed Feline t/d®. On Day 0 of each study, each cat was anesthetized and received a dental prophylaxis. Beginning on Day 1, each cat received its dietary regimen for the remainder of the study. Calculus scores were obtained on day 28 of each study. Cats eating Feline t/d® had 48% and 33% reduction in calculus scores compared with those eating the control food.
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November 19th 03, 12:57 AM
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