Cat seizures

On Fri, 21 May 2004 12:26:15 GMT, "Jim D"
dijo:

In a diabetic cat, for example, the blood sugar would tend to spike up to an
abnormally high level after eating , stay high for a while, and then drop
off to abnormally low levels before the next feeding time. In a normal cat,
the blood sugar would start to go up, then be offset by the cat's secretion
of insulin into the blood stream, which would keep the blood sugar within a
normal tolerance band over a period of hours.

Diabetic humans and cats do run too high because of insufficient
insulin. However, the rebound effect (i.e., going too low) is very
unusual. In fact it is more common among chronic hypoglycemics, who
are not at all diabetic.

For those who are interested in human dieting and weight loss, it is this
insulin cycle that underlies the medical theory of "low carb" diet plans.
High carb diets drive up blood sugar, which then triggers insulin production
to get the blood sugar back down. Insulin tells the body to convert the
blood sugar into fat to store it for later use.

This is all wrong.

Fat cells are the only cells in the body that can admit glucose
without the presence of insulin. All other cells in the body require
insulin to trigger the opening of the cell wall to admit the glucose
molecule from the blood.

Thus, when your blood sugar is high and there is not enough insulin (a
diabetic condition), the sugar goes into the fat cells. When there is
an adequate amount of insulin the sugar is absorbed and burned by
other cells and less so by the fat cells. Insulin does not "tell the
body to convert the blood sugar into fat to store it for later use."
The truth is more or less the opposite -- sugar ends up being
converted to fat in the absence of insulin, not when it is prevalent.

Overweight conditions are caused by dozens of different factors.
Indeed, each overweight cat or human is overweight for a combination
of reasons, including eating habits.

Interestingly, extensive medical research indicates that the human body
cycles its fat reserves - that is, old fat gets replaced by new fat when
there is sufficient intake of oil and fat in the diet. Since the body also
tends to store toxic substances and chemicals (and even prescription and
illegal drugs) in fat, this normal cycling of fat sheds potentially harmful
substances from the body.

So I suppose the narcs should stop using blood and urine testing and
just slice a rasher of fat out of the suspect's bacon, eh? It is true
that some substances (including a lot of vitamins) are stored in fatty
tissue, but they are stored there in small amounts and slowly.
Furthermore, when the fat is later burned the substance remains behind
and goes back into the blood stream. The substance doesn't "burn up"
along with the fat. The liver and kidneys take care of most of the
impurities by cleaning them out of the blood; impurities are not
removed by "cycling" of fat.

--
Bogus e-mail address, but I read this newsgroup regularly, so reply here.

Marek Williams wrote:
Diabetic humans and cats do run too high because of insufficient
insulin. However, the rebound effect (i.e., going too low) is very
unusual. In fact it is more common among chronic hypoglycemics, who
are not at all diabetic.

Unfortunately, there are still a lot of vets who don't recommend home
monitoring of bg, and it's difficult to get an accurate curve in a
veterinary clinic, because stress raises bg. My vet wanted me to just
give my cat 1 unit insulin twice a day, and didn't think home monitoring
his bg was necessary. But I started testing him the day after he
came home, and on the new diet, he was staying within normal bg levels
without insulin. If I'd given him the insulin, he probably would have
had hypo seizures.

--
jamie )

"There's a seeker born every minute."

Marek Williams wrote:
Diabetic humans and cats do run too high because of insufficient
insulin. However, the rebound effect (i.e., going too low) is very
unusual. In fact it is more common among chronic hypoglycemics, who
are not at all diabetic.

Unfortunately, there are still a lot of vets who don't recommend home
monitoring of bg, and it's difficult to get an accurate curve in a
veterinary clinic, because stress raises bg. My vet wanted me to just
give my cat 1 unit insulin twice a day, and didn't think home monitoring
his bg was necessary. But I started testing him the day after he
came home, and on the new diet, he was staying within normal bg levels
without insulin. If I'd given him the insulin, he probably would have
had hypo seizures.

--
jamie )

"There's a seeker born every minute."

Marek -

Do you have any medical reference sources for your statements, particularly
about blood sugar being stored in fat cells? Your statements about blood
sugar being directly absorbed into and stored by fat cells is completely
contrary to established medical facts. Please stop misleading people by
spreading false information. Please read the entire response below so you
can learn the truth.

In simple terms the facts a When blood sugar (glucose) is too high, the
pancreas releases insulin which causes cells to increase their intake of
glucose and the liver to convert excess glucose to glycogen. Glycogen is
then stored in the liver and can be stored in muscle tissue. Excess
glycogen is converted to triglycerides by the liver, which are then released
into the blood and stored as fat in adipose cells (fat cells). When blood
sugar is too low, the pancreas releases glucogen which causes the liver to
convert stored glycogen back into glucose and release the glucose into the
blood stream for metabolism. Glucose is absorbed into and metabolized by
all types of the body's cells, except for fat cells (adipose cells). The
body does not *store* any significant amounts of glucose (blood sugar)
anywhere, certainly not in fat cells.

In simple terms: The National Science Foundation and the National
Institutes for Health have published several studies, and articles have been
published in various medical journals, concluding that intake of as little
as 2 tablespoons of olive oil daily can significantly reduce the incidence
of breast cancer in women. I'll leave it to the astute reader to draw their
own conclusions about why the intake of oil reduces cancer in fatty tissue,
or to go find the published studies themselves.

About insulin and the production of body fat in detail:
Energy ingested as fat beyond that needed for current energy demands is
stored in adipose tissue. In addition, carbohydrate and protein consumed in
the diet can be converted to fat. Energy ingested as carbohydrate can be
stored as glycogen in the liver and muscle. Carbohydrate can also be
converted to triglycerides primarily in the liver and transferred to adipose
tissue for storage. Amino acids from ingested proteins are used for new
protein synthesis or they can be converted to carbohydrate and fat.

Fatty acids, in the form of triglycerides or free fatty acids bound to
albumin, are ingested in the diet or synthesized by the liver (described
above). Very little synthesis of free fatty acids occurs in the adipocytes.
Triglycerides are the most significant source of fatty acids, because this
is the form in which dietary lipids are assembled by the gut and liver.
Triglycerides made up of long chain fatty acids, in the form of chylomicrons
(from intestinal absorption) or lipoproteins (from hepatic synthesis), are
hydrolyzed to glycerol and free fatty acids by an enzyme called lipoprotein
lipase (LPL). Lipoprotein lipase is synthesized in adipocytes and secreted
into adjacent endothelial cells. Chylomicrons and lipoproteins (very low
density lipoproteins) contain C-ll apoprotein, which activates LPL. Free
fatty acids are taken up by adipocytes in a concentration-dependent manner
by a transmembrane transport protein. Once inside the adipocyte, fatty acids
enter a common pool made up of both incoming and outgoing fatty acids. Fatty
acids that are stored in the adipose tissue must first combine with coenzyme
A to form a thioester and then they are re-esterified in a stepwise manner
to triglycerides. Glucose is the primary source of glycerol for this
re-esterification process. Only a small amount of glycerol released, when
triglycerides are hydrolyzed by LPL, can be reused by adipocytes to form
alpha glycerol phosphate to be used for trigyceride assembly. Most glycerol
is returned to the circulation.

Insulin, a hormone secreted by the beta cells of the pancreas, plays a
predominant role in the lipogenic process. The net effect of insulin is to
enhance storage and block mobilization and oxidation of fatty acids. Insulin
exerts its effect by stimulating LPL formation, so that circulating
triglycerides are hydrolyzed and free fatty acids can enter the adipocyte.
Insulin is also required for the transport of glucose, which is needed for
re-esterification of the triglycerides once inside the adipocyte. Finally,
the conversion of glucose to fatty acids is accomplished by insulin's
activation of several enzymes.

Lipolysis is the chemical decomposition and release of fat from adipose
tissue. This process predominates over lipogenesis when additional energy is
required. The triglycerides within the adipocyte are acted upon by a
multi-enzyme complex called hormone sensitive lipase (HSL), which hydrolyzes
the triglyceride into free fatty acids and glycerol. These lipases act
consecutively on triglycerides, diglycerides, and monoglycerides.
Triglyceride lipase regulates the rate of lipolysis, because its activity is
low.

Once triglycerides are hydrolyzed to fatty acids and glycerol, fatty acids
enter the common free fatty acid pool where they may be re-esterified,
undergo beta-oxidation (metabolic degradation), or be released into the
circulation as substrates for skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, and liver. If
the fatty acids are to undergo beta-oxidation for ATP production, fatty
acids move from the adipocytes into the blood and are carried to the tissues
that can use them as an energy source. Long-chain fatty acids enter the
cells of these tissues by passive diffusion, and their rate of uptake is
proportional to their difference in concentration inside and outside of the
cell. Once inside the cells, beta-oxidation begins with "activation", that
is, the formation of thioesters with coenzyme A. This activation step
converts the fatty acids to a form that is more amenable to the successive
biochemical changes that ultimately result in ATP formation.

Insulin reduces mobilization of fatty acids from adipose tissue by
inhibiting triglyceride lipase. The mechanism of this inhibition may be
through a decrease in cyclic AMP which in turn results in an inhibition of
cyclic-AMP-dependent protein kinase. This suppression of lipolysis lowers
the rate of fatty acid delivery to the liver and to peripheral tissues. The
consequence of fewer fatty acids to the liver is a reduction in the
formation of ketoacids (e.g., ketones). Insulin also stimulates the use of
ketoacids by peripheral tissues, preventing an accumulation of these acids
in the blood.

Extracted from articles published by:

Ann L. Albright and Judith S. Stern
Department of Nutrition and Internal Medicine
University of California at Davis
Davis, CA
USA

"Marek Williams" wrote in message
...
On Fri, 21 May 2004 12:26:15 GMT, "Jim D"
dijo:

In a diabetic cat, for example, the blood sugar would tend to spike up to
an
abnormally high level after eating , stay high for a while, and then drop
off to abnormally low levels before the next feeding time. In a normal
cat,
the blood sugar would start to go up, then be offset by the cat's
secretion
of insulin into the blood stream, which would keep the blood sugar within
a
normal tolerance band over a period of hours.

Diabetic humans and cats do run too high because of insufficient
insulin. However, the rebound effect (i.e., going too low) is very
unusual. In fact it is more common among chronic hypoglycemics, who
are not at all diabetic.

For those who are interested in human dieting and weight loss, it is this
insulin cycle that underlies the medical theory of "low carb" diet plans.
High carb diets drive up blood sugar, which then triggers insulin
production
to get the blood sugar back down. Insulin tells the body to convert the
blood sugar into fat to store it for later use.

This is all wrong.

Fat cells are the only cells in the body that can admit glucose
without the presence of insulin. All other cells in the body require
insulin to trigger the opening of the cell wall to admit the glucose
molecule from the blood.

Thus, when your blood sugar is high and there is not enough insulin (a
diabetic condition), the sugar goes into the fat cells. When there is
an adequate amount of insulin the sugar is absorbed and burned by
other cells and less so by the fat cells. Insulin does not "tell the
body to convert the blood sugar into fat to store it for later use."
The truth is more or less the opposite -- sugar ends up being
converted to fat in the absence of insulin, not when it is prevalent.

Overweight conditions are caused by dozens of different factors.
Indeed, each overweight cat or human is overweight for a combination
of reasons, including eating habits.

Interestingly, extensive medical research indicates that the human body
cycles its fat reserves - that is, old fat gets replaced by new fat when
there is sufficient intake of oil and fat in the diet. Since the body
also
tends to store toxic substances and chemicals (and even prescription and
illegal drugs) in fat, this normal cycling of fat sheds potentially
harmful
substances from the body.

So I suppose the narcs should stop using blood and urine testing and
just slice a rasher of fat out of the suspect's bacon, eh? It is true
that some substances (including a lot of vitamins) are stored in fatty
tissue, but they are stored there in small amounts and slowly.
Furthermore, when the fat is later burned the substance remains behind
and goes back into the blood stream. The substance doesn't "burn up"
along with the fat. The liver and kidneys take care of most of the
impurities by cleaning them out of the blood; impurities are not
removed by "cycling" of fat.

--
Bogus e-mail address, but I read this newsgroup regularly, so reply here.

Marek -

Do you have any medical reference sources for your statements, particularly
about blood sugar being stored in fat cells? Your statements about blood
sugar being directly absorbed into and stored by fat cells is completely
contrary to established medical facts. Please stop misleading people by
spreading false information. Please read the entire response below so you
can learn the truth.

In simple terms the facts a When blood sugar (glucose) is too high, the
pancreas releases insulin which causes cells to increase their intake of
glucose and the liver to convert excess glucose to glycogen. Glycogen is
then stored in the liver and can be stored in muscle tissue. Excess
glycogen is converted to triglycerides by the liver, which are then released
into the blood and stored as fat in adipose cells (fat cells). When blood
sugar is too low, the pancreas releases glucogen which causes the liver to
convert stored glycogen back into glucose and release the glucose into the
blood stream for metabolism. Glucose is absorbed into and metabolized by
all types of the body's cells, except for fat cells (adipose cells). The
body does not *store* any significant amounts of glucose (blood sugar)
anywhere, certainly not in fat cells.

In simple terms: The National Science Foundation and the National
Institutes for Health have published several studies, and articles have been
published in various medical journals, concluding that intake of as little
as 2 tablespoons of olive oil daily can significantly reduce the incidence
of breast cancer in women. I'll leave it to the astute reader to draw their
own conclusions about why the intake of oil reduces cancer in fatty tissue,
or to go find the published studies themselves.

About insulin and the production of body fat in detail:
Energy ingested as fat beyond that needed for current energy demands is
stored in adipose tissue. In addition, carbohydrate and protein consumed in
the diet can be converted to fat. Energy ingested as carbohydrate can be
stored as glycogen in the liver and muscle. Carbohydrate can also be
converted to triglycerides primarily in the liver and transferred to adipose
tissue for storage. Amino acids from ingested proteins are used for new
protein synthesis or they can be converted to carbohydrate and fat.

Fatty acids, in the form of triglycerides or free fatty acids bound to
albumin, are ingested in the diet or synthesized by the liver (described
above). Very little synthesis of free fatty acids occurs in the adipocytes.
Triglycerides are the most significant source of fatty acids, because this
is the form in which dietary lipids are assembled by the gut and liver.
Triglycerides made up of long chain fatty acids, in the form of chylomicrons
(from intestinal absorption) or lipoproteins (from hepatic synthesis), are
hydrolyzed to glycerol and free fatty acids by an enzyme called lipoprotein
lipase (LPL). Lipoprotein lipase is synthesized in adipocytes and secreted
into adjacent endothelial cells. Chylomicrons and lipoproteins (very low
density lipoproteins) contain C-ll apoprotein, which activates LPL. Free
fatty acids are taken up by adipocytes in a concentration-dependent manner
by a transmembrane transport protein. Once inside the adipocyte, fatty acids
enter a common pool made up of both incoming and outgoing fatty acids. Fatty
acids that are stored in the adipose tissue must first combine with coenzyme
A to form a thioester and then they are re-esterified in a stepwise manner
to triglycerides. Glucose is the primary source of glycerol for this
re-esterification process. Only a small amount of glycerol released, when
triglycerides are hydrolyzed by LPL, can be reused by adipocytes to form
alpha glycerol phosphate to be used for trigyceride assembly. Most glycerol
is returned to the circulation.

Insulin, a hormone secreted by the beta cells of the pancreas, plays a
predominant role in the lipogenic process. The net effect of insulin is to
enhance storage and block mobilization and oxidation of fatty acids. Insulin
exerts its effect by stimulating LPL formation, so that circulating
triglycerides are hydrolyzed and free fatty acids can enter the adipocyte.
Insulin is also required for the transport of glucose, which is needed for
re-esterification of the triglycerides once inside the adipocyte. Finally,
the conversion of glucose to fatty acids is accomplished by insulin's
activation of several enzymes.

Lipolysis is the chemical decomposition and release of fat from adipose
tissue. This process predominates over lipogenesis when additional energy is
required. The triglycerides within the adipocyte are acted upon by a
multi-enzyme complex called hormone sensitive lipase (HSL), which hydrolyzes
the triglyceride into free fatty acids and glycerol. These lipases act
consecutively on triglycerides, diglycerides, and monoglycerides.
Triglyceride lipase regulates the rate of lipolysis, because its activity is
low.

Once triglycerides are hydrolyzed to fatty acids and glycerol, fatty acids
enter the common free fatty acid pool where they may be re-esterified,
undergo beta-oxidation (metabolic degradation), or be released into the
circulation as substrates for skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, and liver. If
the fatty acids are to undergo beta-oxidation for ATP production, fatty
acids move from the adipocytes into the blood and are carried to the tissues
that can use them as an energy source. Long-chain fatty acids enter the
cells of these tissues by passive diffusion, and their rate of uptake is
proportional to their difference in concentration inside and outside of the
cell. Once inside the cells, beta-oxidation begins with "activation", that
is, the formation of thioesters with coenzyme A. This activation step
converts the fatty acids to a form that is more amenable to the successive
biochemical changes that ultimately result in ATP formation.

Insulin reduces mobilization of fatty acids from adipose tissue by
inhibiting triglyceride lipase. The mechanism of this inhibition may be
through a decrease in cyclic AMP which in turn results in an inhibition of
cyclic-AMP-dependent protein kinase. This suppression of lipolysis lowers
the rate of fatty acid delivery to the liver and to peripheral tissues. The
consequence of fewer fatty acids to the liver is a reduction in the
formation of ketoacids (e.g., ketones). Insulin also stimulates the use of
ketoacids by peripheral tissues, preventing an accumulation of these acids
in the blood.

Extracted from articles published by:

Ann L. Albright and Judith S. Stern
Department of Nutrition and Internal Medicine
University of California at Davis
Davis, CA
USA

"Marek Williams" wrote in message
...
On Fri, 21 May 2004 12:26:15 GMT, "Jim D"
dijo:

In a diabetic cat, for example, the blood sugar would tend to spike up to
an
abnormally high level after eating , stay high for a while, and then drop
off to abnormally low levels before the next feeding time. In a normal
cat,
the blood sugar would start to go up, then be offset by the cat's
secretion
of insulin into the blood stream, which would keep the blood sugar within
a
normal tolerance band over a period of hours.

Diabetic humans and cats do run too high because of insufficient
insulin. However, the rebound effect (i.e., going too low) is very
unusual. In fact it is more common among chronic hypoglycemics, who
are not at all diabetic.

For those who are interested in human dieting and weight loss, it is this
insulin cycle that underlies the medical theory of "low carb" diet plans.
High carb diets drive up blood sugar, which then triggers insulin
production
to get the blood sugar back down. Insulin tells the body to convert the
blood sugar into fat to store it for later use.

This is all wrong.

Fat cells are the only cells in the body that can admit glucose
without the presence of insulin. All other cells in the body require
insulin to trigger the opening of the cell wall to admit the glucose
molecule from the blood.

Thus, when your blood sugar is high and there is not enough insulin (a
diabetic condition), the sugar goes into the fat cells. When there is
an adequate amount of insulin the sugar is absorbed and burned by
other cells and less so by the fat cells. Insulin does not "tell the
body to convert the blood sugar into fat to store it for later use."
The truth is more or less the opposite -- sugar ends up being
converted to fat in the absence of insulin, not when it is prevalent.

Overweight conditions are caused by dozens of different factors.
Indeed, each overweight cat or human is overweight for a combination
of reasons, including eating habits.

Interestingly, extensive medical research indicates that the human body
cycles its fat reserves - that is, old fat gets replaced by new fat when
there is sufficient intake of oil and fat in the diet. Since the body
also
tends to store toxic substances and chemicals (and even prescription and
illegal drugs) in fat, this normal cycling of fat sheds potentially
harmful
substances from the body.

So I suppose the narcs should stop using blood and urine testing and
just slice a rasher of fat out of the suspect's bacon, eh? It is true
that some substances (including a lot of vitamins) are stored in fatty
tissue, but they are stored there in small amounts and slowly.
Furthermore, when the fat is later burned the substance remains behind
and goes back into the blood stream. The substance doesn't "burn up"
along with the fat. The liver and kidneys take care of most of the
impurities by cleaning them out of the blood; impurities are not
removed by "cycling" of fat.

--
Bogus e-mail address, but I read this newsgroup regularly, so reply here.

Marek -

Do you have any medical reference sources for your statements, particularly
about blood sugar being stored in fat cells? Your statements about blood
sugar being directly absorbed into and stored by fat cells is completely
contrary to established medical facts. Please stop misleading people by
spreading false information. Please read the entire response below so you
can learn the truth.

In simple terms the facts a When blood sugar (glucose) is too high, the
pancreas releases insulin which causes cells to increase their intake of
glucose and the liver to convert excess glucose to glycogen. Glycogen is
then stored in the liver and can be stored in muscle tissue. Excess
glycogen is converted to triglycerides by the liver, which are then released
into the blood and stored as fat in adipose cells (fat cells). When blood
sugar is too low, the pancreas releases glucogen which causes the liver to
convert stored glycogen back into glucose and release the glucose into the
blood stream for metabolism. Glucose is absorbed into and metabolized by
all types of the body's cells, except for fat cells (adipose cells). The
body does not *store* any significant amounts of glucose (blood sugar)
anywhere, certainly not in fat cells.

In simple terms: The National Science Foundation and the National
Institutes for Health have published several studies, and articles have been
published in various medical journals, concluding that intake of as little
as 2 tablespoons of olive oil daily can significantly reduce the incidence
of breast cancer in women. I'll leave it to the astute reader to draw their
own conclusions about why the intake of oil reduces cancer in fatty tissue,
or to go find the published studies themselves.

About insulin and the production of body fat in detail:
Energy ingested as fat beyond that needed for current energy demands is
stored in adipose tissue. In addition, carbohydrate and protein consumed in
the diet can be converted to fat. Energy ingested as carbohydrate can be
stored as glycogen in the liver and muscle. Carbohydrate can also be
converted to triglycerides primarily in the liver and transferred to adipose
tissue for storage. Amino acids from ingested proteins are used for new
protein synthesis or they can be converted to carbohydrate and fat.

Fatty acids, in the form of triglycerides or free fatty acids bound to
albumin, are ingested in the diet or synthesized by the liver (described
above). Very little synthesis of free fatty acids occurs in the adipocytes.
Triglycerides are the most significant source of fatty acids, because this
is the form in which dietary lipids are assembled by the gut and liver.
Triglycerides made up of long chain fatty acids, in the form of chylomicrons
(from intestinal absorption) or lipoproteins (from hepatic synthesis), are
hydrolyzed to glycerol and free fatty acids by an enzyme called lipoprotein
lipase (LPL). Lipoprotein lipase is synthesized in adipocytes and secreted
into adjacent endothelial cells. Chylomicrons and lipoproteins (very low
density lipoproteins) contain C-ll apoprotein, which activates LPL. Free
fatty acids are taken up by adipocytes in a concentration-dependent manner
by a transmembrane transport protein. Once inside the adipocyte, fatty acids
enter a common pool made up of both incoming and outgoing fatty acids. Fatty
acids that are stored in the adipose tissue must first combine with coenzyme
A to form a thioester and then they are re-esterified in a stepwise manner
to triglycerides. Glucose is the primary source of glycerol for this
re-esterification process. Only a small amount of glycerol released, when
triglycerides are hydrolyzed by LPL, can be reused by adipocytes to form
alpha glycerol phosphate to be used for trigyceride assembly. Most glycerol
is returned to the circulation.

Insulin, a hormone secreted by the beta cells of the pancreas, plays a
predominant role in the lipogenic process. The net effect of insulin is to
enhance storage and block mobilization and oxidation of fatty acids. Insulin
exerts its effect by stimulating LPL formation, so that circulating
triglycerides are hydrolyzed and free fatty acids can enter the adipocyte.
Insulin is also required for the transport of glucose, which is needed for
re-esterification of the triglycerides once inside the adipocyte. Finally,
the conversion of glucose to fatty acids is accomplished by insulin's
activation of several enzymes.

Lipolysis is the chemical decomposition and release of fat from adipose
tissue. This process predominates over lipogenesis when additional energy is
required. The triglycerides within the adipocyte are acted upon by a
multi-enzyme complex called hormone sensitive lipase (HSL), which hydrolyzes
the triglyceride into free fatty acids and glycerol. These lipases act
consecutively on triglycerides, diglycerides, and monoglycerides.
Triglyceride lipase regulates the rate of lipolysis, because its activity is
low.

Once triglycerides are hydrolyzed to fatty acids and glycerol, fatty acids
enter the common free fatty acid pool where they may be re-esterified,
undergo beta-oxidation (metabolic degradation), or be released into the
circulation as substrates for skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, and liver. If
the fatty acids are to undergo beta-oxidation for ATP production, fatty
acids move from the adipocytes into the blood and are carried to the tissues
that can use them as an energy source. Long-chain fatty acids enter the
cells of these tissues by passive diffusion, and their rate of uptake is
proportional to their difference in concentration inside and outside of the
cell. Once inside the cells, beta-oxidation begins with "activation", that
is, the formation of thioesters with coenzyme A. This activation step
converts the fatty acids to a form that is more amenable to the successive
biochemical changes that ultimately result in ATP formation.

Insulin reduces mobilization of fatty acids from adipose tissue by
inhibiting triglyceride lipase. The mechanism of this inhibition may be
through a decrease in cyclic AMP which in turn results in an inhibition of
cyclic-AMP-dependent protein kinase. This suppression of lipolysis lowers
the rate of fatty acid delivery to the liver and to peripheral tissues. The
consequence of fewer fatty acids to the liver is a reduction in the
formation of ketoacids (e.g., ketones). Insulin also stimulates the use of
ketoacids by peripheral tissues, preventing an accumulation of these acids
in the blood.

Extracted from articles published by:

Ann L. Albright and Judith S. Stern
Department of Nutrition and Internal Medicine
University of California at Davis
Davis, CA
USA

"Marek Williams" wrote in message
...
On Fri, 21 May 2004 12:26:15 GMT, "Jim D"
dijo:

In a diabetic cat, for example, the blood sugar would tend to spike up to
an
abnormally high level after eating , stay high for a while, and then drop
off to abnormally low levels before the next feeding time. In a normal
cat,
the blood sugar would start to go up, then be offset by the cat's
secretion
of insulin into the blood stream, which would keep the blood sugar within
a
normal tolerance band over a period of hours.

Diabetic humans and cats do run too high because of insufficient
insulin. However, the rebound effect (i.e., going too low) is very
unusual. In fact it is more common among chronic hypoglycemics, who
are not at all diabetic.

For those who are interested in human dieting and weight loss, it is this
insulin cycle that underlies the medical theory of "low carb" diet plans.
High carb diets drive up blood sugar, which then triggers insulin
production
to get the blood sugar back down. Insulin tells the body to convert the
blood sugar into fat to store it for later use.

This is all wrong.

Fat cells are the only cells in the body that can admit glucose
without the presence of insulin. All other cells in the body require
insulin to trigger the opening of the cell wall to admit the glucose
molecule from the blood.

Thus, when your blood sugar is high and there is not enough insulin (a
diabetic condition), the sugar goes into the fat cells. When there is
an adequate amount of insulin the sugar is absorbed and burned by
other cells and less so by the fat cells. Insulin does not "tell the
body to convert the blood sugar into fat to store it for later use."
The truth is more or less the opposite -- sugar ends up being
converted to fat in the absence of insulin, not when it is prevalent.

Overweight conditions are caused by dozens of different factors.
Indeed, each overweight cat or human is overweight for a combination
of reasons, including eating habits.

Interestingly, extensive medical research indicates that the human body
cycles its fat reserves - that is, old fat gets replaced by new fat when
there is sufficient intake of oil and fat in the diet. Since the body
also
tends to store toxic substances and chemicals (and even prescription and
illegal drugs) in fat, this normal cycling of fat sheds potentially
harmful
substances from the body.

So I suppose the narcs should stop using blood and urine testing and
just slice a rasher of fat out of the suspect's bacon, eh? It is true
that some substances (including a lot of vitamins) are stored in fatty
tissue, but they are stored there in small amounts and slowly.
Furthermore, when the fat is later burned the substance remains behind
and goes back into the blood stream. The substance doesn't "burn up"
along with the fat. The liver and kidneys take care of most of the
impurities by cleaning them out of the blood; impurities are not
removed by "cycling" of fat.

--
Bogus e-mail address, but I read this newsgroup regularly, so reply here.